Con(form)

Great form through architecture i a goal we strive to reach. In the educational world, a professor assigns a topic or project. Design a velodrome, a house, a museum. These are formal ideas with formal identities that allow for shaping, pushing and pulling and, our hope, some innovation. The finished design is theoretically meant to be functional and real

The Primacy of Openness in Ecological Complexity Theory

Five principles are at the foundation of complex systems theory: emergence, openness, contingency, historicity, and indeterminacy. Of those five, the principle of emergence is easily the most prevalent. Simply put, emergence refers to the idea that some wholes cannot be properly accounted for by appealing to individual explanations of the parts that compose it. In ecological complexity theory, the principle of emergence is strongly associated with the self-organizing feedbacks that often identify the structural framework of ecosystems. Within the last half century, the intense focus on the principle of emergence has engendered the development of many conceptual distinctions that have importantly contributed to explanations of ecological patterns and ideas about environmental management and restoration. I argue, however, that ecological complexity theory has become somewhat stagnant and myopic in its devout commitment to the principle of emergence. This dissertation highlights the issue of ecological complexity theory’s overreliance on the principle of emergence by investigating the role of the principle of openness. I argue the reverse of what is typically maintained in the literature – the principle of openness possesses metaphysical, epistemological, and ethical primacy. By beginning with the principle of openness and working towards the use of the principle of emergence in explanations of ecological phenomena, I urge greater appreciation for an ecosystem’s complete causal narrative and a reconsideration of the formulation and carrying out of future management and restoration practices and policies

Place-bo-burbi-agri-culture to Place-ive-ianure Methods for place making: Increasing value with representation

This thesis examines how to turn space into place. In the digital age, place is more important than ever before. Around the world communities are dealing with the issue of placelessness. The food system has become standardized and suburbia has become a monotonous repetition in cities across the country. As people search for a sense of place in their communities, creation of place can be a tool for exploring these issues. Through experience, individuals can begin to understand and become aware of the place they call home. This thesis discusses three methods for the comprehension of place. They are narrative writing, deep mapping, and photography. These methods provide a catalyst to investigate how a person’s personal experiences, the history of a place, and visual representations of a place can help create a sense of place that can carry into the future

Comparison Of Cognitive Performance Following One Hour Of Passive Heating Or Walking In Older Adults: A Preliminary Analysis

Moderate-intensity exercise increases measures of cognitive performance such as working memory and cognitive flexibility. Hyperthermia can result in declines in cognitive performance through reduced motor function and response inhibition. However, these results have been observed during cognitive performance in the heat while core temperatures remain elevated. Heat therapy may promote improvements in cognitive function after treatment similar to exercise training by inducing a stress-related response. The purpose of this study was to compare cognitive performance immediately following one hour of moderate-intensity aerobic exercise or one hour of whole-body passive heating. METHODS: Four adults (age: 67.3 + 3.3 years, BMI: 29.0 + 5.4 kg/m2, 2 female) participated in a randomized repeated measures study. Participants completed either one hour of moderate intensity walking on a treadmill (TM; 65-75% age-predicted maximum heart rate) or one hour of seated passive heating (HEAT) in a controlled environmental heat chamber (32-35 degrees Celsius, \u3c 40% humidity). Cognitive performance was measured using computerized software (Automated Neuropsychological Assessment Metrics, ANAM, Vista LifeSciences, Inc.), which provides objective measures of cognitive performance through a variety of test batteries designed to measure variables such as motor coordination, cognitive flexibility, and response inhibition. Variables were analyzed as a change in score from the familiarization exam (pre- or post-treatment minus – baseline) to minimize the learning effect. RESULTS: No differences between measures of motor coordination (TM: 6 + 12.7 vs. 5 + 12.7; HEAT: 0 + 1.4 vs. -1 + 1.4), cognitive flexibility (TM: -1 + 1.4 vs. 1.5 + 0.7; HEAT: 3.5 + 0.7 vs. 3.5 + 0.7), or response inhibition (TM: 17 + 22.6 vs. 23.5 + 23.3; HEAT: 1.5 + 2.1 vs. 8 + 2.8) were found following either treatment. CONCLUSION: One bout of moderate intensity aerobic exercise or whole-body passive heating does not impair cognitive performance. In addition, one hour of passive heating does not result in decreased cognitive performance in older adults. Post-hyperthermic stress response did not impair cognitive function

The Impact of the Campus Culture on Students’ Civic Activities, Values, and Beliefs

Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/109800/1/ir20076.pd

Anaerobic Performance in Female Collegiate Wrestlers During Ovulation Versus the Mid-luteal Phase of the Menstrual Cycle: A Pilot Study

Anaerobic performance may vary during different phases of the menstrual cycle. The greatest differences occur between the late-follicular phase (i.e., ovulation) and the mid-luteal phase. Optimal anaerobic performance may be observed during the mid-luteal phase. PURPOSE: To explore differences in upper and lower body anaerobic performance during ovulation versus the mid-luteal phase of the menstrual cycle in collegiate female wrestlers. METHODS: Six female collegiate wrestlers (age = 18.6 ± 0.2 yrs; height = 165.0 ± 0.5 cm; body mass = 79.7 ± 9.6 kg; lean body mass = 45.6 ± 2.8 kg; % body fat = 31.4 ± 6.6%) performed both upper and lower body Wingate tests, each lasting 30 seconds, during the ovulation and the mid-luteal phases of the menstrual cycle. Upper and lower body tests were performed 24 hours apart. Menstrual cycle phases were determined by calendar tracking, reverse estimation of ovulation, and administration of a urinary luteinizing hormone test assessed daily until positive results indicated ovulation. Lower body power was measured using a Velotron cycle ergometer, with a resistance of 0.075 kg/kg applied after a 5-second sprint at a resistance of 1 kg (50 W). Peak power (W) and relative power (W/kg) were measured. Upper body power was measured using a Monark hand ergometer with a 0.045 kg/kg resistance applied after a 5-second sprint at a resistance of 0.5 kg (25 W). Peak power (W) and relative power (W/kg) was calculated using rotation count, weight applied, and distance per rotation. Paired t-tests were used to analyze differences in means during the ovulation vs mid-luteal phases with a significance level of 0.05. RESULTS: There were no significant differences between trials for any variables measured. Lower body peak power (W) was 848.3 ± 126.1W vs 855.0 ± 143.9W. Lower body relative power (W/kg) was 11.8 ± 0.7W/kg vs 11.9 ± 0.8W/kg. Upper body peak power (W) was 162.1 ± 29.6 vs 160.2 ± 13.2W. Upper body relative power (W/kg) was 2.3 ± 0.4W/kg vs 2.2 ± 0.2W/kg. CONCLUSION: There may not be an optimal timing of significantly increased anaerobic performance in regard to menstrual phase in these wrestlers

Concept 3

Concept III, the publication of Syracuse University School of Architecture of 1964, is devoted to the subject which occupies most of the time and hopefully much of the thought of its students: architectural education

Monetary Cost of the MyPlate Diet in Young Adults: Higher Expenses Associated with Increased Fruit and Vegetable Consumption

Background. Cost is a commonly reported barrier to healthy eating. This is a secondary research analysis designed to examine the food expenditures of young adults on a university campus following the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) MyPlate guidelines for fruits and vegetables. Methods. Meal receipts and dietary intake were recorded weekly. Anthropometrics and clinical assessments were recorded before intervention. Researchers rated compliance based on the participant’s dietary food log, receipt matching, food pictures, and reports during weekly 1-hour consultations. Results. Fifty-three young adults (18–30 years old) at-risk of, or diagnosed with, metabolic syndrome (MetS) were enrolled in the study, with 10 excluded (n = 43) from analyses due to enrollment in a fixed cost university campus dining meal plan. A two sample t-test assessed differences in food costs and regression analysis determined associations between food cost and diet compliance while controlling for confounding factors of age, sex, and body mass index (BMI). Diet compliant subjects (n = 38) had higher weekly food cost at $95.73 compared to noncompliant subjects (n = 5) who spent$66.24 (). A regression analysis controlling for age, sex, BMI, and geographical region also indicated cost differences based on diet compliance (). Conclusion. Results indicate an ∼$29.00 per week increase in food cost when eating the recommended amount of fruit and vegetables. These findings can contribute to research incentive design, program planning cost, and determining effective interventions to improve diet in this population

Resilience - towards an interdisciplinary definition using information theory

The term “resilience” has risen in popularity following a series of natural disasters, the impacts of climate change, and the Covid-19 pandemic. However, different disciplines use the term in widely different ways, resulting in confusion regarding how the term is used and difficulties operationalising the underlying concept. Drawing on an overview of eleven disciplines, our paper offers a guiding framework to navigate this ambiguity by suggesting a novel typology of resilience using an information-theoretic approach. Specifically, we define resilience by borrowing an existing definition of individuals as sub-systems within multi-scale systems that exhibit temporal integrity amidst interactions with the environment. We quantify resilience as the ability of individuals to maintain fitness in the face of endogenous and exogenous disturbances. In particular, we distinguish between four different types of resilience: (i) preservation of structure and function, which we call “strong robustness”; (ii) preservation of function but change in structure (“weak robustness”); (iii) change in both structure and function (“strong adaptability”); and (iv) change in function but preservation in structure (“weak adaptability”). Our typology offers an approach for navigating these different types and demonstrates how resilience can be operationalised across disciplines